Sino-US Renewable Energy Cooperation
I. Introduction
China is the largest development country in the world and US the largest developed, of which the energy consumption amounts to nearly half of total energy consumption in the world. Along the sustainable growth and development of Chinese country, the demand for energy continuously increase, so the development of renewable energy is one of the important measures to meet increasing energy demand and achieve energy-saving and emission-reduction. Under the background of financial crisis, China and US will regard the clean energy industry as one of their important economic growth point. Hence there are common objectives of expansion of energy supply, reduction of green-house gas emission and promotion of economic development in development of renewable energy for both China and US.
China and US has incorporated the renewable energy cooperation into the important issues of strategic economic dialogue of both countries, and hope, through establishing the cooperation relationship and advantage complementation, to strengthen the renewable energy industry cooperation of both countries, form inter-connecting industry systems, promote the technical advance of renewable energy and speed up the large-scale application of renewable energy in both countries and even the global regions.
II. Cooperation mechanism and platform
In 17th of November of 2009, American president, Obama, and president of the People's Republic of China, Hu Jintao, jointly declared seven new measures of Sino-US strategic interests and the both countries signed  Memorandum of Understanding to Enhance Cooperation on Climate Change, Energy and the Environment to define “renewable energy” as one of important cooperation fields. Both parties came to a common understanding for large-scale application of renewable energy, and also recognize that the cooperation in technical R&D and planning arrangement between China and US will drive the significant decrease of technical cost of global renewable energy.
To actively fulfill the promise between China and US, the China National Energy Administration and US Department of Energy signed the U.S.-China Joint Statement on Energy Security Cooperation at this time. The two countries came to a common understanding in following fields: renewable energy route map (planning), renewable energy policy and financing, renewable energy advance technologies, bio-fuels, renewable energy provincial planning, renewable energy grid modernization, renewable energy standards, test and certification. Under the guidance of China and US Department of Energy, the both parties, with respect to above cooperation fields, established five working groups of policy planning, wind energy, solar energy, grid-connecting and standard certification to specifically promote related cooperation.

III. Major cooperation fields and development
Currently, China and US are facing many common problems, opportunities and challenges in development of renewable energy. The largest obstacles in face of China are three problems of availability evaluation, grid-connection and technical cost. In aspect of renewable energy evaluation, US have carried out large amount of detailed evaluation works, which are mainly of two problems of grid and technologies. Therefore, the cooperation keynote of China and US governments is to carry out related communication and capability construction, promote the industrial cooperation, drive the cost reduction of renewable energy and finally speed up and in-scale arrange the application of renewable energy.
Wind energy group
1. Wind power generator unit wake analysis. NREL and Hydropower and Water Resources Planning and Design General Institute of China have completed the data analysis design, simulation research of China wind power field wind turbine wake analysis and training of simulation model analysis, and started the data analysis.
2. For SODAR wind measurement equipment verification and applicability research, they have finished the design and demonstration test schemes, organized the technical investigation on test site has finished, and they will jointly complete the verification result report to present it on Renewable Energy Industry Forum.
Industry cooperation
Since the two countries established the renewable energy partnership, the enterprise in both countries strengthened the confidence in development in counterpart market. The American enterprises extensively developed in China renewable energy field, especially for wind power critical parts and components, resin materials, solar energy photovoltaic cell manufacturing equipment and polycrystalline silicon material. The China enterprises imported many products from American enterprises, such as gearbox, converter, bearing and resin materials. Many Chinese enterprises started the wind farm project and solar energy generation project investment in America. Suntech Power Holdings has set up the manufacturing plant in America. The American government and industries welcomes the China investors as they believe this will benefit the economic development in US.

IV. Problems
Although the strategic cooperation interests between China and America, the cooperation intention and competition pressure at both countries’ government and enterprise level exists together, there are obvious differences in policy and market environments, involved bodies and their interest demands are complicated and the various resource conditions and investment of cooperation bodies are lack of guarantee conditions which then leads to inadequate stability, continuity and effect. It is worthy noting that, due to the multi-parties of interest, political decentralization and relative decision-making mechanism, the different departments of America give out different opinions for Sino-US new energy industry cooperation, which may make the cooperation more complicated.
Especially since international financial crisis in 2008, along with the increasingly fast global economic reviving, new-round trade protectionism extends and the new energy field has been the new focus of Sino-US trade game. However, compared with former traditional industry development, there is a long gaming way of cooperation and friction for the new energy field for China and America.
V. Prospect and suggestion
China and US are facing similar energy problems and challenges. The renewable energy has extremely important strategic sense for both countries, and assumes the mission to realize energy alternation, greenhouse gas emission reduction and environment improvement. As two major countries for renewable energy development, the development of renewable energies in both countries has great effect on global new energy development pattern. Both parties have been prepared and implemented a series of development strategies and policy measures. US have active advanced technical innovation events and China has the resources, markets and powerful manufacturing industry, so the cooperation between both parties in development and utility of clean energies can be strengthened.
There are many important commercial opportunities for development of renewable energy of two countries. China has proven low-cost manufacturing capacity of solar energy photovoltaic cell and wind power equipment and America actively promotes the intelligent electricity network construction and develops distributed energy. The governments of both countries are operating the demonstrative projects to promote the development of renewable energy. The US Department of Energy implemented 25 solar energy city projects. China will carry out the new energy city and green energy county construction in “twelfth-five” period. The two countries carry out the cooperation in new energy system construction and establishment of new energy market mechanism. All these will create more new commercial development opportunities for the enterprises of both countries.
Due to different systems and development phases of China and US, the mutual understanding is still to be further strengthened so as to full make use the advantages and achieve “win-win”. It is suggested for both parties to actively improve the political environment under the frame of Sino-US strategic and economic dialogue, focus on the key issues and demands of both parties, establish complete integral coordination and capital support mechanism, define powerful coordination and implementation agencies, expand and solidify the cooperation platform, prepare and fulfill operation plans with more feasibility, operability and stability, and enhance the cooperation continuity, stability and effectiveness.
1) Intensify the communication at macroscopic policy level. Through the information exchange of policy and planning and in light of the advantages of policy making of both parties, strengthen the understanding of counterpart policy system, enhance the preparation and implementation efficiency of policy and planning so as to make better of the policy support for the industries.
2) Set up long-term communication mechanism. Based on the Sino-US renewable energy partnership working group and the capabilities of Sino-US working groups, related industrial associations and enterprises, organize more communication events and establish the platform for in-depth and sustainable communication between governments, industries and research agencies.
3) Lay emphasis on talent communication in training and working. Train special and professional talents through arranging specific training event. At same time, the both parties send working personnel to study in counterpart agencies, through talent communication at working level, to study in practice and enhance the talent quality.
4) Establish the standard certification system recognized by both parties. Establish the product standard certification system recognized by both parties, shorten the certification procedure and time, enhance certification efficiency and pass the mutual recognition of standard, establish more stringent standard system and enhance the quality of renewable energy product.

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