近年来，中国的钢结构发展迅速，钢结构深化设计作为一个新兴行业也得到了发展壮大。深化设计水平正在逐年提高，随着设计手段的不断完善，计算机辅助设计的推广，超大规模、超大跨度钢结构工程经验的积累，本公司的钢结构深化设计能力已基本接近国际先进水平。同时，随着中国钢结构的不断发展，结构形体的日益复杂求新，工程质量要求的不断提高，加工安装手段的不断提高和完善，各环节对钢结构深化设计的要求和依赖也在不断提高，其在整个钢结构链中的作用也日益显现。深化设计已由传统的构件拆图延伸到节点及构造计算及设计、材料准备及优化、施工详图产生、各类报表统计、预拼装及吊装方案设计及计算、工程量统计及索赔资料的整理等钢结构的方方面面。
In recent years, the steel structure in china developed quickly, the detailed design of steel structure has developed a lot as an emerging industry.The detailed design level has increased by year; and with the continuously improvement of design methods, the generalization of computer aided design and the experience accumulation of super scale and super span steel structure engineering, the detailed design ability of steel structure of the company is almost in proximity to the advanced world standard. At same time, along with the continuous development of Chinese steel structure, the structural forms become increasingly complicated and new-style; the engineering quality requirements become higher and higher; the methods of manufacturing and installation are improved, the requirement for and dependence on the steel structure detailed design of all sections are also continuously increasing, its role in the whole steel structure chain is increasingly important. Detailed design has extended from traditional component disassembling drawing to the calculation and design of node and structure, the preparation and optimization of materials, creation of construction detail drawings, all kinds of report statistics, design and calculation of pre-assembly and hoisting plan, statistics of amount of works and collation of claims data and other items related to steel structure.
钢结构深化设计不是简单的细部设计，而是在一次设计图基础上的再创作。一则，传统建筑设计院的钢结构设计力量相对较为薄弱，一般仅对结构受力提出了一些基本的要求，较少考虑钢结构加工、安装、变形等方面的特殊性，一般设计单位仅验算了代表性的杆件和典型节点，极易留下隐患；二则，钢结构形式及节点造型日趋复杂，很难按常规的梁、杆或板单元进行计算，必须采用有限元方法才能找出内力分布规律，避免应力集中，保证结构安全。本公司在多年的钢结构深化设计实践中，完成了国内多项大型钢结构深化设计，积累了较多经验，并形成了一套优质高效的设计方法—计算机三维实体模拟建造方法。该方法能高效准确的搭建出与建造实际完全吻合的三维实体模型，自动生成所需的一切深化图纸及资料，因此，本投标人完成的钢结构深化图纸在理论上是没有误差的。辅之以先进的数控加工设备，可以保证杆件精度达到理想状态。本投标人承担的国内多个大型钢结构工程中采用上述深化设计方法后，均能保证螺栓穿孔率及杆件加工精度，一次吊装成功。
The steel structure detailed design is not a simple detailed design, but a recreation based on the first design drawings. Firstly, the design ability of steel structure in traditional building design institute is relatively weak, it normally only puts forward some basic requirements for the structural stress and seldom considers the specificities of processing, installation and deformation of steel structure, etc.; normal design unit only checks representative bars and typical nodes so that it is likely to leave hidden dangers; secondly; the forms of steel structure and nodes become more and more complicated so that they are hardly calculated according to the conventional beam, bar or plate units, only the finite element method can be used to find the distribution characteristic of internal force to avoid stress concentration to ensure the structural safety. In the years’ practices of steel structure detailed design, the company has finished many large steel structure detailed design in the country, accumulated rich experience and formed a set of effective and high-quality design methods: computer 3D physical simulation construction method. This method can effectively and accurately establish the 3D solid mode which completely matches with the actual object, and automatically create all the required detailed drawings and data, therefore, the steel structure detailed drawings made by this bidder have no errors in theory. Aided by advanced digital control manufacturing installation, it can ensure the member accuracy achieve the ideal status. After above detailed design method has been used in many domestic large steel structure engineering contracted by this bidder, it has been proved to ensure the bolt perforated percentage, member process precision and successfully hoisting for once.
华译网上海翻译公司曾经翻译过大量有关吊装方案设计的资料文件，Beijing Chinese Subtitling Translation Service Agency has translated many technical documents about Hoisting plan design.
4.2、深化设计程序 Detailed design procedure
本投标人拟采用国际上较流行的通用有限元程序SAP2000作为验算程序来进行较核，对结构形式、结构布置、材料种类、节点类型向设计单位提出详细的建议。节点验算采用通用有限元程序Ansys 8.0 进行分析，对焊接连接、螺栓连接、节点板和加劲肋进行计算和完善，给出详尽合理的预拼装及吊装计算方案。针对该项目钢结构的空间关系复杂的情况，我们采取计算机虚拟技术进行该项目的钢结构详图设计。首先，我们将利用Xsteel三维软件将整个结构在计算机中按现实中的实际情况进行虚拟建造，建造过程可以将施工图设计阶段无法考虑到的问题一一暴露出来，并一一加以解决；然后，我们根据确定的安装方案及通用原则将虚拟建成的三维实体模型进行拆解、进行节点及构造方面的处理，使三维模型与建造实体完全统一；最后，根据加工制作及安装的各种要求，将拆解下来的三维构件利用三视图原理自动生成平面深化图纸，图纸上的所有尺寸，包括杆件长度、断面尺寸、杆件相交角度、螺栓孔间距等，均是在杆件模型上直接生成的。在这一过程中，及时产生工程材料、螺栓用量、油漆面积及其它工程统计报表，为加工及安装提供精确的辅助资料。另外,运用Auto CAD 2005绘图软件及Office系列办公软件来进行图面及文字的基本处理。
The bidder plans to use the world-popular general limited element procedure SAP2000 as checking calculation procedure to check and verify, and bring forward detailed advices on structure form, structural arrangement, material kinds and node type to design unit. The checking calculation of node s use general limited element procedure Ansys 8.0 to analyze, and calculate and improve the welding connection, bolt connection, node plate and stiffening rib, and bring out detailed and proper pre-assembly and hoisting calculation plan. For the complexity of spatial relationship of this project’s steel structure, we use computer virtual technology for the steel structure detail drawing design of this project. Firstly, we use Xsteel 3D software to virtually establish the whole structure in the computer according to actual situation, the problems which can not be considered during construction drawing design stage will be exposed one by one in the process of establishment and be solved; secondly, according to the defined installation plan and general principles we disassemble the virtually established 3D entity model and process the node and structure to make the 3D model be uniform with the construction entity; finally, according to the requirements of manufacturing and installation, automatically create plan detailed drawings for the disassembled 3D components using three views principle, all sizes in the drawings including bar length, section dimension, intersection angle of bars and pitch of bolt holes are created directly on the bar models. During this process, timely create the statistical statements of engineering material, bolt using amount, paint area and others to provide accurate secondary data for the manufacturing and installation. In addition, Auto CAD 2005 drawing software and Office series office software are used for basic processing of picture and words.
4.3、深化设计的进度保证措施 Progress guarantee measures of detailed design
（1）充足安排工程设计人员的人数，使其分工合理，人尽其才，充分发挥每个设计人员的专业特长；
Adequately arrange the employee number of engineering design personnel to enable proper work division and full use of all persons, and fully make use of the professional strength of each designer.
（2）及时了解工程进展动态，以便于及时调整深化设计的分工与人员数量，确保整个工程的顺利进行；
Timely get acquainted with the engineering progress dynamic state for ease of timely adjust the working division and employee number to ensure the smooth implementation of engineering.
（3）做好各方面的协调工作，及时准确地了解原设计、施工现场等部门提出的有关设计的变化，及时的反应到深化设计成果中；
Get done with the coordination works of all aspects, and timely and accurately get acquainted with the related design change put forward by original design unit, construction field department and other department, and timely response in the results of detailed design.
（5）做好各方面的应急预案，妥善解决各种突发情况。
Get well done with the emergency plan of all aspects and properly deal with all sudden situations.
4.4、深化设计的质量保证措施 Quality guarantee measures of detailed design
采用自审、互审、专业审核三级审核；项目设计人负责自审，项目设计人之间要进行互审，专业审核人员负责专业审核，同时，由专家顾问组对钢结构的重大问题进行讨论把关；审核内容包括：原设计图及变更资料、计算模型及计算书、深化设计三维模型、深化施工图纸等。对深化施工详图的主要审核项目有：
Three level auditing (self auditing, mutually auditing and professional auditing) is used; the project designer is responsible for the self auditing; the mutually auditing shall be done between the project designers; the professional auditing personnel are responsible for the professional auditing. At the same time, the important problems of steel structure will be discussed and finalized by the expert consultant group. The auditing items include: original design drawings and alteration data, calculation model and calculation statement, detailed design 3D model, detailed construction drawings, etc. |
