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项目沟通文件翻译中英文对照版本 |
Communications Questions沟通
What is a project "war room"? What is its primary benefit? 什么叫项目作战室？它的主要用处是什么？ A single location for the team to get together for any purpose. It provides a repository for project artifacts, records, and up-to-date schedules and status reports. It gives an identity to the project team.为解决任何目标而使团队一起工作的专有的场所。它提供一个知识库存储项目信息、记录、更新的进度和状况报告。它提供给项目团队统一的标示。
Describe the six parts of a Communications Management Plan.描述沟通管理计划的六个部分 (1) What information will be collected收集什么信息
(2) How the information will be collected怎样收集信息
(3) How and to whom the information will be distributed信息怎样发布及谁发布，发布给谁
(4) When the information will be communicated何时传达信息
(5) How to obtain information between regular communications获得信息的途径（媒介）
(6) How the Communications Plan will be updated through the project沟通计划在项目中怎样被更新
What is variance analysis? 什么是偏差分析 Comparing actual project results to planned or expected results in terms of cost, schedule, scope, quality, and risk.将实际结果和计划进行对比
What are six actions project managers should take to ensure effective project team communications? 项目管理者确保项目团队进行有效沟通的六点措施是什么？ (1) Be an effective communicator有效沟通者
(2) Be a communications expeditor联络者
(3) Avoid communications blockers避免沟通阻断器
(4) Use a tight matrix使用紧密矩阵式结构（紧密矩阵不等于强矩阵）
(5) Have a project war room作战室
(6) Make meetings effective有效会议
What is active listening? 有效倾听？ Listening in which the recipient is attentive and asks for clarification of ambiguous messages移情式聆听是专著和要求对不明确信息澄清的一种聆听方式。
What is major cause of conflict with functional managers? 导致职能经理间冲突的主要原因 Schedules进度
What is most difficult conflict to deal with? 需要解决的最困难的冲突是什么 Personality conflicts个性冲突（人际问题）
What is earned value analysis? How is it used in performance reporting? 什么是挣值分析?在绩效报告中如何使用? An analysis that integrates cost and schedule measures. It is used to help the project management team assess project performance.综合了成本和进度衡量标准的一种分析方法。帮助项目管理团队评价项目绩效。
What is the tool for used for communication planning?沟通计划的工具是什么 Stakeholder analysis干系人分析
What is the most important characteristic for a project manager? 项目管理者的最主要的特点是什么? Ability to work well with others和其他人愉快的工作的能力
What factor has the greatest effect on the project's communication requirements? 对项目沟通要求影响最大的因素是什么? The project's organizational structure项目的组织结构
What is the primary condition leading to conflict in both the weak and strong matrix organizations? 在弱矩阵和强矩阵组织中，导致冲突的主要条件是什么？ Ambiguous jurisdictions. They exist when two or more parties have related responsibilities, but their work boundaries and role definitions are unclear.不明确的权限。两个以上的职责关系，但它们的工作界限和角色定义不明确
When is a project considered closed?项目何时正式结束？ When the archive is completed. All project docs goes into the archives; this is the last thing to create before releasing the team.存档完成。所有项目记录归档；最后一件工作是团队成员遣散
Time Questions
What is the critical path? 关键路径是什么？ The longest path through the network which represents the shortest amount of time in which the project can be completed.项目网络图中最长的一条路径，项目完成历时时间最短。
What is crashing? 什么是赶工？ Taking action to determine how to obtain the greatest amount of duration compression for the least incremental cost; generally increases cost.一种试图用最小的成本投入换取最大的历时压缩
What is fast tracking? 什么是快速跟进 Compressing the schedule by overlapping activities that would normally be done in sequence; may result in rework and increased risk; logical relationships are modified将原本顺序进行的活动通过并行实施而压缩进度的方法；通常造成返工并带来风险，改变逻辑关系
How does resource-leveling work? 如何进行资源平衡？ By using positive float available on non-critical paths, schedule by smoothing or leveling peaks and valleys of resource utilization利用非关键路径的可浮动时间，资源利用的负载水平情况调整进度表
What is activity duration estimating? 什么是活动历时估算 Assessing the number of work periods likely to be needed to complete each activity评估每一必须完成活动的定量工作周期
What is a dummy activity? 什么是虚活动? One that consumes no time or resources; it shows only dependency一种不消耗时间和资源的活动，只代表依赖关系
What is slack or float? Free float? 什么是时差?自由时差？ Amount of time that an activity can be delayed without delaying project. Free float is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the early start of the next activity时差是活动在不延误项目情况下可以延迟的时间。自由浮动时间是活动再不延误紧后活动最早开始时间情况下的可延迟时间
What is lag? 什么是滞后? Required waiting time between activities活动间必须等待的时间 |
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