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南非土木工程施工标准 M:道路（概述） 英文原文节选 20100079 1-33 |
2.2.1 6 Drain:
a) A pipe, a closed void or a closed structure manufactured or constructed for the conveyance of water.
b) See channel.
2.2.17
2.2.18
to give lateral support to the pavement.
2.2.19 Fill:
a) Imported material that is placed above the roadbed (see drawing M.2) and on which the selected layer, subbase,
base, shoulders and, in the case of a dual carriageway, the median are or might be constructed.
b) Material that is imported to replace unsuitable material excavated from the roadbed.
2.2.20 Fine aggregate: The portion of material that passes a sieve of nominal aperture size 4,75 mm.
2.2.21 Footpath: A strip constructed for the use of pedestrians. Usually set off or away from the roadway. (The
terms footway and walkway are also used.)
2.2.22 Footway: A strip constructed for the use of pedestrians. (The terms sidewalk, footpath and walkway are
also used.)
2.2.23 Formatlon level; subgrade level: The finished level of the selected layer.
2.2.24 Formation width: The width of the top of the selected layer, excluding any topsoil blinding layers.
2.2.25 Furrow: Any unlined excavation formed or shaped to collect and convey water.
2.2.26 Grade; grade level: The level of the top of a subgrade onto which any subbase or base is to be constructed
direct.
2.2.27 Gradlng modulus (GM): The cumulative fractions of material retained on sieves of nominal aperture size
2,O mm, 0,425 mm and 0,075 mm.
2.2.28 Gravel wearing course: The final course of an unsurfaced roadway.
2.2.29 Ground level: The reduced level of any particular point on the surface of an area undisturbed by or prior
to any specific construction operation.
2.2.30 Lot: A portion of work or a quantity of material produced that is assessed as a unit for the purpose of
acceptance control and that is selected to represent, as far as possible, material or work produced under conditions
which did not vary significantly during the process of production. (A typical lot could be a day’s work.)
2.2.31 Mechanical modification: The operation of mixing two or more materials from different borrow sources in
specified or ordered proportions, to obtain a material with specified properties.
2.2.32 Mitre draln (channel) or bank: A drain (channel) or a bank constructed at an angle to the centreline of a
road, to divert water from a side drain (channel) or from the road reserve.
2.2.33 Natural fines: An in-situfine material nominally passing a 4,75 mm sieve that complies with certain specified
requirements for PI and LL.
2.2.34 Natural gravel: An in-situ material that complies with certain specified requirements for aggregate grading,
PI and CBR. (See 3.3.1 of SABS 1200 MFL.)
2.2.35 Overburden: Material within a borrow pit area, that is unsuitable or that is not required for any construction
purposes but has to be removed to permit access to the required material.
2.2.36 Pavement: The layers of material above the subgrade that support the roadway. (These layers usually
consist of subbase, base and surfacing.)
2.2.37 Process control: Control testing and assessment of the test results by the Contractor on a continuous basis
during construction, in order to determine whether the construction process and the material used will produce a
construction of a quality that compties with the requirements of the relevant specification.
2.2.38 Proof density: The density achieved after the application of a specified method of compaction.
2.2.39 Random sample: The sampling positions or portions that represent the material of a lot and that are so
determined that every position or portion in a lot has an equal chance of being selected for sampling.
2.2.40 Relative compaction: The ratio of dry field density to a laboratory defined maximum dry density.
2.2.41 Roadbed: The surface of the in-situ material that forms the floor on which the subgrade is constructed and
that lies within the road prism between two planes that contain the outer shoulder breakpoints and slope downwards
and outwards, as shown on drawing M.2.
2.2.42 Road prism: The area of construction between the outer lines of the slopes of cuttings, fills, and side
channels or toe channels (as applicable) up to formation level and including all structures and other features necessary
for proper drainage and protection, but excluding the subbase, base and surfacing.原件下载： 
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